Computing / ICT

Understand what a computer is, distinguish data from information, and master the Input-Process-Output-Storage (IPOS) cycle.

Trace early calculating devices (Abacus, Pascaline, Analytical Engine) through the First to Fifth computer generations.

Explore manual and automated input devices: keyboards, optical mouse, scanners, barcode readers, RFID, and biometric sensors.

Learn computer lab safety regulations, ergonomic seating, avoiding repetitive strain injuries (RSI), and proper booting and shutdown procedures.

Examine the architecture of the CPU (ALU, Control Unit, Registers), system buses, RAM vs ROM, and cache memory hierarchy.

Explore magnetic, optical, and solid-state storage technologies, cloud storage, and units of digital storage capacity (Bit, Byte, KB, MB, GB, TB).

Explore the functions of operating systems (Windows, macOS, Linux, Android) and master GUI elements: Desktop, Icons, Taskbar, Files & Folders.

Master the QWERTY keyboard layout, home row positioning (ASDF JKL;), specialized command keys, and touch typing techniques.

Navigate the Microsoft Word interface, create, save, and edit documents, and apply font formatting, text alignment, and clipboard operations.

Format documents with bulleted/numbered lists, insert and format tables, add headers, footers, page borders, and insert images.

Understand the Internet vs World Wide Web, web browsers, search engines, URLs, hyperlinks, and country/domain extensions (.gh, .edu, .gov).

Master the structure of email addresses, composing, CC vs BCC, file attachments, email etiquette (Netiquette), and benefits over postal mail.

Understand malware types (viruses, worms, trojans, spyware, ransomware), phishing scams, strong password construction, and data backup.

Learn algorithm step-by-step problem solving, pseudocode, and standard flowchart symbols (terminal oval, input/output parallelogram, process rectangle, decision diamond).