Government

Government as an institution, a process, and an academic study; characteristics of a State; sovereignty; and nation vs. state.

Power, authority, legitimacy, political socialization, political culture, and citizenship rights and duties.

Unitary vs. federal systems, presidential vs. parliamentary systems, monarchy, republic, and military regimes.

The Rule of Law, Separation of Powers, Checks and Balances, Representative Democracy, and Fundamental Human Rights.

Composition, functions, and powers of the Legislature, Executive, and Judiciary; bicameral vs. unicameral legislatures; judicial independence.

Functions of political parties, party systems (one-party, two-party, multi-party), pressure groups vs. political parties, and measuring public opinion.

Franchise and suffrage, direct vs. indirect elections, types of electoral systems (First-Past-The-Post vs. Proportional Representation), and the Electoral Commission.

Clifford Constitution (1916), Guggisberg Constitution (1925), Burns Constitution (1946), Coussey Constitution (1951), and Nkrumah's 1954 Constitution.

Features of the 1992 Constitution, Directive Principles of State Policy, Council of State, CHRAJ, and Local Government decentralization.

Guiding principles of Ghana's foreign policy, Pan-Africanism, non-alignment, and Ghana's roles in ECOWAS, the African Union (AU), and the United Nations (UN).

Characteristics of the Civil Service (permanence, neutrality, anonymity), the Public Services Commission, public corporations, and bureaucratic red tape.

Evolution of local government, the three-tier MMDA structure, District Chief Executives (DCEs), District Assembly Common Fund (DACF), and challenges.

Causes of military coups d'état, characteristics of military juntas, human rights abuses, suspension of constitutions, and return to constitutional rule.

Structure of the courts (Superior vs. Lower courts), original, appellate, and supervisory jurisdiction of the Supreme Court, and judicial review.

Treaty of Lagos (1975), institutions of ECOWAS, ECOWAS Trade Liberalization Scheme (ETLS), free movement of persons, and counter-terrorism challenges.

Transition from OAU (1963) to AU (2002), the Constitutive Act of the AU, the Peace and Security Council (PSC), Agenda 2063, and governance hurdles.

Constitutional status under Articles 43–46 of the 1992 Constitution, composition, functions, independence, IPAC, Biometric Voter Registration, and electoral integrity.

Nature, characteristics, and objectives of statutory public corporations (ECG, GWCL, VRA), operational problems, and privatization / divesting state enterprises.

Origins from the British Empire, structure (CHOGM, Commonwealth Secretariat), core principles (Harare Declaration), benefits to Ghana, and modern relevance.